Earth-like+Planets

Spring 2018 revised/edited
By: Ashley Dixon Previous editor: Ashley Lucas, Fall 2016 =EARTH LIKE PLANETS! = Artist's illustration of a hypothetical planet covered in water in the binary star system Kepler-35AB. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech [] = =

AUTHOR
= Leonard David  = = OVERVIEW = This website is all about how scientists don't know quite yet how many "earth like planets" our solar system has. They say to watch our words because no one knows exactly how many we have. == LAST UPDATED == = December 13, 2017 =

DATE REVIEWED
= May 16, 2018  =

REVIEWED BY:
= Ashley Dixon  =

ACCURACY:
= The information doesn't very accurate and up to date. I say this because this website was updated a whole year ag. Things could have changed from them to now. = == READABILITY and CLARITY: == = The site is very easy to read and understand. This is actually a good website for someone who wants a clearer and a beginner like explanation on what earth like planets are. = == EASE OF NAVIGATION == = The site is easy to navigate because each topic on it gives a clear explanation of what these terms are. = = = = What could be The closest Earth like planet? =
 * [[image:http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/1-kepler186f.jpg width="487" height="284" caption="Image result for exoplanet"]] ||
 * Image result for exoplanet ||

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AUTHOR
Brad Jones

= OVERVIEW = This website is written as a way to understand how a low mass exoplanet has been discovered in the orbit of Red Dwarf Star, Ross 128.

LAST UPDATED
November 15, 2017

DATE REVIEWED
May 16, 2018

REVIEWED BY:
Ashley Dixon

**ACCURACY:** Most information seemed accurate. The site doesn't provide accurate names. What i mean is that they mention researchers but don't give their names for credibility.

READABILITY and CLARITY:
At first look, the site can be looked at as a website that knows its stuff. This website does a good job at breaking down parts to help the audience better understand what this exoplanet is that has been discovered.

EASE OF NAVIGATION
The site is easy to navigate.

= How about the newly discovered planets. What do they look like? = []

AUTHOR
Jay Bennett

= OVERVIEW = This website is written in a essay like way. They do a really good job at breaking parts up. Also they put in some videos to show the audience how a certain planet orbits the Red Dwarf.

LAST UPDATED
November 15, 2017

DATE REVIEWED
May 16, 2018

REVIEWED BY:
Ashley Dixon

ACCURACY:
Most information seems accurate. The site provides us with a lot of background information and they broke it down very nicely.

READABILITY and CLARITY:
This site to me looks very readability. The person who wrote about this website looks like they know they are talking about, and they made sure they broke it down in a way to understand it good.

EASE OF NAVIGATION
The site is easy to navigate.

= Finding Another Earth =
 * [[image:https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/pia19830-main-earthlikeexoplanets_0722.jpg?itok=6t_NBlfP width="604" height="342" caption="This artistâs conception of a planetary lineup shows habitable-zone planets with similarities to Earth"]] ||
 * This artistâs conception of a planetary lineup shows habitable-zone planets with similarities to Earth ||

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AUTHOR
NASA

= OVERVIEW = This website is written very well. It is very credible because its from NASA. They made sure they got every little detail that explains what other planets have been found that look like Earth.

LAST UPDATED
July 23, 2015

DATE REVIEWED
May 16, 2018

REVIEWED BY:
Ashley Dixon

ACCURACY:
This site seems very accurate. Like i said before it's by NASA so it obviously has to be accurate.

READABILITY and CLARITY:
When you first look at the site, it seems like and boring but the more you read on the interesting it is. The clarity is okay, I just wish there was less writing, more pictures, and they could've broken the wording up a little more.

EASE OF NAVIGATION
The site is easy to navigate.

= Is there such Earth like Planets that could be holding water? =


 * [[image:https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/csz/news/800/2018/2-astronomersf.jpg caption="Astronomers find Earth-like planets capable of hosting water"]] ||
 * Astronomers find Earth-like planets capable of hosting water ||

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AUTHOR
CORDIS

= OVERVIEW = This website is appealing to look at because there is not to much writting, one simple picture and credible too.

LAST UPDATED
April 27, 2018

DATE REVIEWED
May 16, 2018

REVIEWED BY:
Ashley Dixon

ACCURACY:
This website seems very accurate because it was less than a month ago that this site was updated. They go into great detail about the seven planets that could contain matter that Earth has on it.

READABILITY and CLARITY:
When you first look at this website, it looks like just a bunch of words jumbled into one place. This website's readability is very easy to understand. The more you read on in this site, the more interesting it gets.

EASE OF NAVIGATION
The site is easy to navigate.

Fall 2016
by: Ashley Lucas


 * Within Our Own Solar System: **

Evidence shows that Mars was once like Earth with an ocean of Water and a similar atmosphere to what we have on our planet today. With the possibility of past water, there was the possibility that life could have begun on Mars and it was once again perceived to be more Earth-like. Surface features such as canyons and valleys on the “Red Planet” suggest an abundance of liquid water in its geological past. Water vapors on Mars were first detected in the early 60s followed by observation of water-rich ice patches decades later The proven presence of running water on Mars is provocative because it confirms that an aqueous environment where life could survive exists. __http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/water_mars/__

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Depicts Mars based on what it would have looked like 4 billion years ago __http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/water_mars/__

Researchers found high levels of manganese oxides by using a laser-firing instrument on Nasa's Curiosity Mars rover. Chemicals found in Martian rocks suggest the Red Planet once had more oxygen in its atmosphere than it does now. In Earth's geological history, the appearance of high concentrations of manganese oxide minerals is an important marker of a major shift in our atmosphere's composition, from relatively low oxygen to the current oxygen-rich atmosphere. This higher oxygen level can be linked to a time when groundwater was present in the planet's Gale Crater where the rover is based, and it adds to other Curiosity findings – such as evidence of ancient lakes – revealing how Earth-like our neighbouring planet once was.

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From 2004, Cassini–Huygens began to reveal Saturn's moon Titan to be one of the most Earth-like worlds outside of the habitable zone. Though having a dramatically different chemical makeup, discoveries such as the confirmation of Titanian lakes, rivers and fluvial processes in 2007,advanced Earth comparisons to. Further observations including weather phenomena has aided the understanding of geological processes that may operate on Earth-like planets [] []



Image describing what living on Titan would be like. __http://www.undergroundworldnews.com/__


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Start of a New Age: **

<span style="font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">With NASA's Kepler Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered the first Earth-size planet orbiting a star in the "habitable zone" -- the range of distance from a star where liquid water might pool on the surface of an orbiting planet. The discovery of Kepler-186f confirms that planets the size of Earth exist in the habitable zone of stars other than our sun. ====<span style="font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">While planets have previously been found in the habitable zone, they are all at least 40 percent larger in size than Earth and understanding their makeup is challenging. Kepler-186f is more reminiscent of Earth. ==== ===="We know of just one planet where life exists -- Earth. When we search for life outside our solar system we focus on finding planets with characteristics that mimic that of Earth," said Elisa Quintana, research scientist at the SETI Institute at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., and lead author of the paper published today in the journal Science. "Finding a habitable zone planet comparable to Earth in size is a major step forward."====

__http://time.com/104575/kepler-spacecraft-lives-again/__

 * NASA's Kepler findings****:**

NASA's Kepler mission has confirmed the first near-Earth-size planet in the “habitable zone” around a sun-like star. This discovery and the introduction of 11 other new small habitable zone candidate planets mark another milestone in the journey to finding another “Earth.” The newly discovered Kepler-452b is the smallest planet to date discovered orbiting in the habitable zone -- the area around a star where liquid water could pool on the surface of an orbiting planet -- of a G2-type star, like our sun. Kepler-452b is 60 percent larger in diameter than Earth and is considered a super-Earth-size planet. While its mass and composition are not yet determined, previous research suggests that planets the size of Kepler-452b have a good chance of being rocky."It’s awe-inspiring to consider that this planet has spent 6 billion years in the habitable zone of its star; longer than Earth. That’s substantial opportunity for life to arise, should all the necessary ingredients and conditions for life exist on this planet.” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The Kepler-452 system is located 1,400 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">[]

Image showing the comparison of Earth and Kepler-452b __http://www.financetwitter.com/2015/07/nasa-finds-earth-2-0-an-800-million-mission-which-challenges-gods-existence.html__

Image showing how similar 'Earth's bigger older cousin' is with Earth __http://gurumavin.com/nasa-finds-earths-bigger-older-cousin/__

NASA's orbiting Kepler Space Telescope has identified more than 2,000 confirmed planets around other stars based on changes in the stars' brightness. "For some of them, we know an approximate mass or an approximate radius, and we know roughly how far they are from their star — but that's really all we know." Although, there are other possibly Earth-like planets found further off than Keplar 452b within the habitable zone. There is an Earth-like rocky exoplanet 4.2 light-years away called Proxima b. Its minimum mass is 1.3 times that of the Earth and the planet’s gravity causes its star to wobble in a pattern repeated every 11.2 days, which is one year on Proxima b. Astronomers also said that Proxima b lies within the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, which means the planet orbits a safe distance from the star, making it neither too hot or too cold. Because of this, astronomers said that Proxima b may have suitable surface temperature that would allow for the presence of liquid water, meaning the exoplanet could support some sort of life. [] __http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/24/science/space/proxima-centauri-nearest-exoplanet.html?_r=0__

Image showing that Proxima b is within the habitable zone __http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/24/science/space/proxima-centauri-nearest-exoplanet.html?_r=0__


 * Although there are many Earth-like planets discovered, here are a few listed that would be the most likely to have life:**

====This exoplanet is located about 13.8 light-years from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus, making it the second-closest known potentially habitable planet to Earth, after Proxima b. Wolf 1061c lies within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star called Wolf 1061, according to a 2015 study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The exoplanet takes about 17.9 days to complete one orbit around its parent star. Its estimated mass is about 4.3 times that of Earth. Wolf 1061c is thought to be a rocky planet, which means it may be able to support life as we know it.====
 * Wolf 1061c**

**Gliese 832c**
====This alien world is slightly farther from Earth, but it exhibits many similar traits that suggest it may be able to support life, too. Gliese 832c is located just 16 light-years from Earth and lies within the habitable zone of a red dwarf star called Gliese 832. This exoplanet completes one orbit around its star in 36 days. Gliese 832c is what astronomers call a "super-Earth," because it is at least five times as massive as Earth. It was actually the second planet found around the star Gliese 832. However, the other one, Gliese 832b, is a gas giant that is likely unable to support life.====

**Gliese 667Cc**
====This exoplanet is also considered a "super-Earth," because it is at least 3.9 times more massive than Earth. It orbits the red dwarf Gliese 667C, which is part of a three-star system that lies 22 light-years away, in the constellation Scorpius. Gliese 667Cc also lies within the habitable zone of its parent star and takes about 28 days to complete one orbit. Astronomers announced the discovery of this alien world in 2011. It was found using the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) 3.6-meter telescope in Chile.====

**TRAPPIST-1d**
====This exoplanet orbits around an ultracool dwarf star known as TRAPPIST-1, which lies approximately 40 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. TRAPPIST-1d also resides within the habitable zone around its star. Astronomers announced the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system on May 2, 2016. This alien solar system has three potentially Earth-like planets that orbit the dwarf star. Scientists found the TRAPPIST-1 star system and planets using the TRAPPIST (TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope) instrument at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, which is operated by the ESO.====

**Gliese 163c**
====This exoplanet also appears potentially habitable and is located 49 light-years from Earth, in the Dorado constellation. Gliese 163c isapproximately seven times the mass of Earth, earning it the title of a "super-Earth." It lies within the habitable zone around a red dwarf star known as Gliese 163 and takes 26 days to complete one orbit. Gliese 163c is one of two alien planets found orbiting the star Gliese 163. Astronomers found this planet using the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), which is mounted on the ESO telescope located at the La Silla Observatory.====


 * Living on these Planets:**

====Since Proxima b is so close to Proxima Centauri, the exoplanet likely has one side that constantly faces the star, similar to how the moon always shows the same face to Earth. Astronomers suggest that Proxima Centauri's gravitational pull likely forced Proxima b to become "tidally locked" to the star in this way, so the world has one illuminated side and one dark side. If that is the case, any life on the Proxima b would be very restricted due to extreme temperature variations between the dark and light side, Barclay explained. "There would likely be enormous winds on these planets," Barclay said. "When you have hot areas [on the sunlit side] and cold areas [on the dark side] on a planet, the hot part of the atmosphere moves the cold part, which would produce very strong and fast winds."====