Antimatter

Antimatter by Alexander Bowen Fall 2018 and Jeff Harm Fall 2012

==== This page is about antimatter - matter composed of particles with the same mass but a charge and quantum spin opposite to that of normal matter. The antimatter equivalent of the proton is the anti-proton, and the antimatter equivalent of the electron is the positron. Protons have a positive charge, so anti-protons have a negative charge. Electrons have a negative charge, so positrons have a positive charge. Antimatter particles bind to form matter in the same way that normal particles do. Just like particles may bind to form a hydrogen molecule, antiparticles may bind to form an anti-hydrogen molecule. When matter and antimatter collide, they are both annihilated and release all or most of their mass as energy. The universe is thought to have begun with equal amounts of matter and antimatter, but today only a small percentage of the observable universe is composed of antimatter. The reasons for this asymmetry are currently unknown. ====

[|NASA's Fermi Telescope Detects Antimatter Creation In Thunderstorms]
Author: NASA Last Updated: January 10, 2011 Date Reviewed: November 29, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Information comes straight from observations made by NASA's Fermi Space Telescope. Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: There is a link to all other news related to NASA's Fermi Space Telescope on the page, as well as links to news about other NASA missions.

[|Electron Antineutrinos Observed Changing Form]
Author: Clara Moskowitz Last Updated: March 8, 2012 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Accurately describes neutrinos and their antimatter counterparts, as well as the way they "oscillate" from one form to another. Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: There are nifty links throughout that can give you more information on antimatter and on neutrinos. They are links to more articles on LiveScience.

[|Antimatter Decay Rate Found To Differ From That Of Normal Matter]
Author: Jon Cartwright Last Updated: February 29, 2012 Date Reviewed: December 1, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Information is up-to-date, covering recent experimental results from CDF (the Collider Detector at Fermilab). Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: There is a link in the article to previous experimental results on antimatter's decay rate. There is also a link on the left side of the page to all other astronomy-related articles on the website.

[|Beamed Core Antimatter Propulsion]
Author: Brian Dodson Last Updated: June 12, 2012 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Mixed. There is both accurate information on our current understanding of antimatter and some more theoretical things about how we might be able to harness antimatter's energy for use in spaceship propulsion. Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: There are no links in the article to find out more information about the topic. There is a link in the right side of the page for more Science and Education articles.

[|Majorana: A Particle That Is Its Own Antiparticle]
Author: Science Daily Last Updated: April 13, 2012 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Contains recent information on the "Majorana" fermion, a fundamental particle related to antimatter that scientists are still working to understand. Readability and Clarity: This page is relatively challenging to fully understand - some cutting-edge electronics and physics concepts here. Ease of Navigation: No links in the article to find out more about the topic. Near the top of the page you can click "Space & Time" to find out more about astronomy and physics topics like antimatter.

[|Basics of Antimatter]
Author: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Last Updated: November 18, 2004 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Accuracy: Mostly accurate information on the basics of antimatter. Incorrectly states that antimatter has the same quantum spin as normal matter. Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: Clicking the "Home" link on the bottom of the page will allow you to find out much more about various physics topics, but not much about antimatter.

[[image:antimatter-hydrogen-antihydrogen-created-detector_28934_600x450.jpg caption="A detail of the trap used to combine positrons and antiprotons to create antimatter atoms."]]
Author: Ker Than Last Updated: November 18, 2010 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: Several links in the article will show you more information about antimatter, physics and scientific organizations.

[[image:antimatter-rocket-big.jpg caption="Photo courtesy of NASA"]]
Author: Kevin Bonsor Last Updated: Date Unknown Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: This article provides a lot of links to other pages on HowStuffWorks that explain how various real and fictional propulsion technologies function, as well as links to other physics topics.

Generating Matter and Antimatter


Author: Phys.org Last Updated: December 8, 2010 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: Links in the article will search for other articles on Phys.org related to antimatter, electron beams, neutron stars, and other physics topics.

[[image:laser-beams-antimatter.jpg width="800" height="516" caption="Photo prvoded by CERN"]]
Author: Jeanna Bryner Last Updated: July 28, 2011 Date Reviewed: December 9, 2012 Reviewed By: Jeff Harm Readability and Clarity: This page is written for the general public. Ease of Navigation: Links in this article lead you to more LiveScience articles on antimatter, the big bang, and other physics topics.

=Section Author: Alexander Bowen for Fall 2018= =Live Science= [|What is Antimatter?] Author: Live Science Staff; run by Purch ([|Live Science]) as it syndicates to major news outlets such as Yahoo it can be trusted. Overview: Live Science is a news outlet for scientific breakthroughs, research ventures, and science related news.Their purpose is to facilitate an outlet of reliable knowledge to an uninformed but intelligent and curious audience. Any information from tech to space related news, to just strange facts can be found on their website. Last Updated: June 20, 2014 Date Reviewed: May 15, 2018 Accuracy: Information is accurate and up to date with basic knowledge of antimatter, no facts contradict. Readability and Clarity: Written for an audience that would otherwise be uninformed of the topic but are intelligent enough to follow the scientific diction. It is written appropriately giving multiple uses for the subject and goes over the basics so any reader within the intended audience could understand. Ease of Navigation: Very easy to access more information about topics presented within the article with other access to read more and other material.

=Section Author: Alexander Bowen for Fall 2018= =Wikipedia= [|Antimatter] Author: None listed Overview: Wikipedia is an open source community of authors and editors on the site that contribute to information on the site. Run by a non-profit organization. Their purpose is to facilitate an outlet of knowledge of any subject and any audience to learn and attain reliable resources and information. At Wikipedia you can find any information on anything that someone has made a page about. Last Updated: May 11th, 2018 Date Reviewed: May 16th, 2018 Accuracy: Information is accurate and up to date with advance but also basic knowledge of antimatter along with the history of its discovery. Readability and Clarity: Written for an uninformed audience that would like to learn the basics along with attain resources for any information on antimatter. It is written appropriately with options for advance topics along with basic topics for reading. Ease of Navigation: Very easy to access, has many external links, further readings, and references to access other information and further knowledge on the subject.

=Section Author: Alexander Bowen for Fall 2018= =New Scientist= [|The Five Greatest Mysteries of Antimatter] Author:Dan Brown Overview: New Scientist is a magazine and news outlet for all topics relating to science, they are a publisher based in London. Their purpose is to facilitate an outlet of knowledge of any science related subject. Last Updated: N/A Date Reviewed: May 16th, 2018 Accuracy: Information is accurate and up to date with basic knowledge of antimatter. Readability and Clarity: Written for a previously informed subject on the topic but with the need of a refresher. The information relies on the subject to understand the basics of the topic and is written appropriately for this application. Written for an audience with previous knowledge and looking for a joke about the subject. Ease of Navigation: Little to no in-text links or other links relating to the subject.

=Section Author: Alexander Bowen for Fall 2018= =IOP (Institute of Physics)= [|Why Physicists Are Planning to Drive Antimatter Around in a Moving Van] Author: None Overview: Institute of Physics is a scientific charity that works to advance scientific education, research, and application.Their purpose is facilitating an outlet of knowledge and opportunity to learn. Last Updated: N/A Date Reviewed: May 16th, 2018 Accuracy: Information is accurate and up to date with basic knowledge of antimatter along with other information on the interaction of antimatter with other events. Readability and Clarity: Written for a uninformed reader and provides basic information to the reader along with the way antimatter is created or destroyed and other interactions with the topic. Written for an audience looking for a basic understanding of the topic along with a broader understanding. Ease of Navigation:Offers external links on information within the article along with articles to move forward in the understanding of the topic.

=Section Author: Alexander Bowen for Fall 2018= =Live Science= [|Antimatter] Author: Live Science Staff; run by Purch ([|Live Science]) as it syndicates to major news outlets such as Yahoo it can be trusted. Overview: Live Science is a news outlet for scientific breakthroughs, research ventures, and science related news.Their purpose is to facilitate an outlet of reliable knowledge to an uninformed but intelligent and curious audience. Any information from tech to space related news, to just strange facts can be found on their website. Last Updated: Date Reviewed: May 16th 2018 Accuracy: Information is accurate and up to date with basic knowledge of antimatter. Readability and Clarity: Written for an audience not introduced to many scientific topics introducing the basics of many concepts while explaining the basics of antimatter. Written appropriately and flows well describing all the processes of antimatter. Ease of Navigation: Has links for stuff mentioned within the article but no external links or links that lead to further reading.

June 20, 2014