The+Ruins+of+Machu+Pichu

Machu Picchu

Edited by: Luciana Garces

Fall 2015


 * Photo: **National Geographic

Machu Picchu is an Incan citadel set high in the Andes Mountains in Cuzco, Peru. It was built around 1450 by the Inca Empire for the emperor and his family. Machu Picchu was then abandoned around 1572. In 1911, the explorer Hiram Bingham discovered Machu Picchu, one of the most significant archaeological finds in the history of the Americas. Machu Picchu stands 2,430 meters above the sea-level in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. All the buildings were made of stones without help of iron tools or wheels. It is the best example of Inca Engineering. They built more than 600 terraces to prevent the city form sliding down the mountain and there are approximately 200 structures making up this outstanding religious, ceremonial, astronomical and agricultural center. Machu Picchu has central buildings that are examples of a masonry technique used by the Incas. The stones were cut to fit together without mortar and the walls were resistant to earthquakes and weather. In 1981, Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary. In 1983, it was named a UNESCO World Heritage. Furthermore, it was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007. Today, Machu Picchu is welcoming hundreds of thousands of people a year and many tourists walk the Inca Trail to visit Machu Picchu.

Rediscovering Machu Picchu  National Geographic  Original picture of Machu Picchu by Hiram Bingham, Director of the Expedition of Machu Picchu in 1911.
 * Photo: **Hiram Bingham / National Geographic

**URL: []** National Geographic is governed by a board of trustees, whose 21 member include distinguished educators, business executives, former government officials and conservationists. **Overview:** National Geographic site is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational institutions in the world. Its purpose is to motivate and teach some interests such geography, archaeology and natural science. We can find information such this article which was originally published in the April 1913 by National Geographic and retains Hiram Bingham’s original information of his expedition to Machu Picchu in 1912. It is the only website I could find an original picture of Machu Picchu in black and white. **Last Updated:** October, 2015 **Reviewed by:** Luciana Garces
 * Name: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rediscovering Machu Picchu
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Author: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">National Geographic
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Date Reviewed: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">11/21/2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Accuracy: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">This site is accurate because it has updates almost every month. T <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">he facts in this site are reliable because all of them have descriptions and explanations bringing absolute truth about the Ruins of Machu Picchu. As I mentioned before, this site illustrates original articles, such the rediscovering of Machu Picchu on 1911 by the American explorer Hiram Bingham.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Readability and Clarity: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">This website is for an audience of all ages because it is easy to read and understand. This site can be used by students of Middle school, High School and College because it has information about history, geography, archaeology and natural science. Also, it has articles for kids as well for adults.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Ease of Navigation: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> This site is very easy to navigate. It also has a feature for "kids" on top of the page, that once kids select it, they can find information about animals, adventure and more. It is a great tool for kids.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Machu Picchu’s Central Buildings <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> History.com <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">**Photo:** History.com <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Machu Picchu’s central buildings are prime examples of a masonry technique mastered by <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">the Incas in which stones were cut to fit together without mortar. These precisely crafted <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> walls have made the buildings relatively resistant to the ravages of weather and earthquakes." (History.com)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">This site is governed and maintained by the staff of the company History channel and it seems a reliable source. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">It seems a reliable site and credible source because of the studies and researches it does on history and events.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Name: ** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Machu Picchu
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">URL: ** <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Author: ** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">History.com Staff
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Overview: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> History.com is a site that offers interested information about history.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Last Updated: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> 2011
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Date Reviewed **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">: 11/18/2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Reviewed by: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> Luciana Garces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Accuracy: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The information I found in this site is accurate, and it has well organized facts of Machu Picchu and its archaeological site. This site is a credible source of information with interested documents, beautiful pictures and well-designed videos.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Readability and Clarity: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> It is easy to read and understand. This site is for a variety of audience and it is a good source for students of Middle school, High School and college students. Also, it is a very instructive channel for adults of all ages.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Ease of Navigation: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> It is easy to navigate in this site. It has a search tab that I used to look for more information about Machu Picchu, and it gave me a variety of titles to choose from with facts, history, summaries, and videos.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Inti Watana <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Kids Discover <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Inti Watana :"Midday twice a year (March 21 and September 21) the sun stands directly over this stone, casting no shadows whatsoever" (Kids Discover.com) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Inti Wantana is a ritual stone associated with the astronomic calendar of the Inca. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> It was aligned with the sun’s position during the winter solstice.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Photo: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px;">Kids Discover

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Name**: The Lost City of Machu Picchu / Kids Discover <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This site is maintained by a group of people from leading institutions with a specialty in science and social studies. This site is reliable because has accurate information and the team is integrated of talented writers and award-winning designers and illustrators.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">URL:[] **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Author: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Ted Levine: President and CEO
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Overview: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Kids Discover is a magazine – website designed for kids. Its purpose it to inspire kids and instill them a love of reading and learning about history and science. Students may choose to register to receive newsletter, promotional offerings or surveys.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Last Updated: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> 1/20/2014
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Date Reviewed: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> 11/20/2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Reviewed by **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">: Luciana Garces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Accuracy: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The information of Machu Picchu is accurate. I compared it with other websites and I found out that this site <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">does not contradict the genuine facts. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It has beautiful pictures and each one has a detail explanation of it including accurate facts. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> An example is the picture on the top of this site, the Inti Watana, which is located at the top of the sacred mountain of the Ruins of Machu Picchu. It is a religious construction conformed of 4 sides, which are the 4 cardinal's points (north, south, east and west). <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Possibly it was used as a sundial.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Readability and Clarity: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> This site is great for kids that want to know more about the Ruins of Machu Picchu. It has amazing pictures and the information is clear and very easy to understand. It is often used in elementary school education because it has a clarity information about science and history.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Ease of Navigation **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">: This is a great tool for kids because it was build for kids.It is easy to navigate within this page and their links to other sites.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The Inca Trail <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Peru Tourism <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Inca Trail <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">"The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu program invites <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">adventurers <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">to hike the challenging Inca Trail; surrounded by natural beauty and unforgettable views. On the way <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">hikers <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> will visit places ever encountered by the Spanish conquers, several of which are still covered by vegetation. The Machu Picchu trek or Machu Picchu hike will give you the impression of discovering these Inca sites." (Peru Tourism).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Photo: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Peru Tourism

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**Name:** Peru Tourism Inca Trail to Machu Picchu <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">This site is governed by a Peruvian organization that provides comprehensive tourism information and promote Machu Picchu as a leading tourist destination.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">URL: ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Author: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Miguel Lahura, President of Peru Tourism
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Overview: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Peru Tourism is a leading Peruvian Travel Agency that provides services to thousands of satisfied customers. This site offers costume trips such the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. Its purpose is to suggest interesting and exciting itineraries to Machu Picchu with personalized programs and according to the traveler’s expectations.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Last Updated: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> 2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Date Reviewed: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> 11/21/2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Reviewed by: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> Luciana Garces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Accuracy: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> This website has accurate information of all their trips they offer to different places in Peru. Their network includes hotels, tourist guides, transportation, and travel information. They have an experience of over 32 years in the travel business offering a permanent assistance in this site via email, or via a toll free number. I do not see any contradiction of any of the information I have read.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Readability and Clarity: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> It is easy to read and understand. The intended audience for this website would be people who are interested in travel to Machu Picchu, Cuzco, and other areas in Peru. It is also intended to audience of adventurers and hikers that will love to have the experience of hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">Ease of Navigation: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;"> This site is easy to navigate. It has tabs on top of the page to help us in our travel needs. One example is the Travel to Peru tab. It offers free and fast quotation for a trip, a variety of destination tours such the Inca trail and Thematic Tours such Honeymoon in Machu Picchu.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Machu Picchu - Inca's Terraces <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Sacred Sites <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The Incas built more than 600 terraces to prevent the city from sliding down the mountain. Inca farmers used such terracing throughout the empire to control erosion and increase surface area in their Andean enclaves.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Photo: **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Sacred Sites

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Martin Gray is an anthropologist and photographer specialized in the study of sacred architecture, holy places, and pilgrimage traditions around the world. He has consulted more than 2000 books and scholarly journals. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> **Ease of Navigation:** This site is easy to navigate. It has newsletter features, links to sacred sites, updates, ongoing sacred sites and announcements. It has so many pages other than the main page. It also has a link to books and publications of Sacred places.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Name: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Machu Picchu – Sacred Sites / Places of Peace and Power
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">URL: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Author: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Martin Gray
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Overview: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Martin Gray created sacred sites website to share his work with many hundreds of color images with interesting and inspiring information about sacred places such a Machu Picchu. Its purpose is to share and discuss the mythology and history of sacred sites by presenting a fascinating explanation of the miraculous phenomena that occur at them.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Last Updated: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1/29/2014
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Date Reviewed: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> 11/21/2015
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Reviewed by: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Luciana Garces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Accuracy: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">All the information I have read about Machu Picchu seems very accurate. Also, this site has several references.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;">Readability and Clarity: **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 1.5;"> This website is easy to read. It is intended to an audience who is interested in history, anthropology and photography.